Mastodon The Writing Desk

27 October 2024

Special Guest Post by Birgit Constant, Author of Warrior of two Kings (The Northumbria Trilogy Book 1)


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

England, 1066. In a remote Northumbrian village, young Oswulf is to become an elite warrior for the English king. But as English, Norse and Norman forces wage war against each other to secure control over Northumbria, Oswulf is caught in a perilous web of fickle loyalities and relentless ambition that drive friend and foe alike.

Linguistic challenges for writers

I love languages, and my readers hate me for it. Well, that's not really true. 

Most of those I have spoken to and who have posted reviews of my books – historical novels set in the Middle Ages – quite like the sprinkles of foreign words and phrases in my novels because they enhance the medieval feel of the story for those readers.

But languages are not everyone's cup of tea, and I understand if readers are confused, annoyed or outright frustrated by words whose meaning eludes them. They are not alone, for this is a problem that readers share with us writers of historical fiction – not to mention the characters in our books, who may have faced a similar challenge in their living days, all those centuries and sometimes millennia back in history.

Imagine you're a peasant in the 9th or 10th century in northeastern England. You speak your local northern, Anglian dialect, church services are in Latin, your neighbours further south speak Mercian, and your king speaks West Saxon. Sure, as a peasant, you probably never have to talk to your southern neighbours or king in person, but what if messengers from down south come to your village to tell you something important – in their dialect? Would you understand them? 

More importantly, would you comprehend the Viking raiders that the messengers tried to warn you about and who are suddenly popping up on the outskirts of your village? It probably wouldn't matter, because chances are those Vikings will kill you before entering into diplomatic relations.

If this linguistic situation sounds confusing, don't even get me started on 12th-century France.

Anyway, back in England, fast forward another century. Assuming you survived, your grand-grand-children have come to terms – they didn't have a choice, after all – with the descendants of the Vikings who decided to settle in England. Now, all of a sudden, the country is flooded with Normans, and you are forced to work for someone whose language is unlike anything you've ever heard and utterly unintelligible to you. This is the situation my teenage protagonist of Warrior of two Kings is thrown into when the Normans try to establish their authority in Northumbria.

At this point, all writers will have to think about how they get out of this tricky situation. There are three options:

1. Ignore

You can ignore the historical reality and let both characters speak English and understand each other easily, without questioning how likely this would have been. This is the easiest solution for the protagonist, writer and reader.

2. Circumvent

Let your characters converse in a lingua franca, a common language, used at the time to overcome or circumvent their linguistic differences. This option might be tricky or even impossible. Latin, for example, was spoken by everyone belonging to the clergy – not necessarily at the same level of proficiency, depending on their position in the church hierarchy – across the whole of Christian Europe, but laymen, in particular of lower social orders, would not usually have known and even less mastered it. So, even if there was a lingua franca, your characters may not have been able to speak it. Incidentally, the same might be true for today's readers. While you solve the historical communication problem, for example amongst travelling clerics or members of a highly educated nobility, you could be creating (another) one for your reader.

3. Accept

Could you accurately convey the linguistic background without overcomplicating things and confusing yourself and the reader? This is not simply a question of willingness. You also have to be able to do it, meaning you should understand the medieval languages and be able to work with them.

I'm a linguist and a medievalist, so this third option is my preferred choice. While I know and accept that some readers will take offence at my incorporating bits of Old English, Anglo-Norman, Old Norse, Old Breton and whatnot, I appreciate the effort and goodwill of the majority of readers, who will happily dive into my stories despite, sometimes even because of those foreign words and phrases. Think of foreign as a flourish, not a flaw.

As a token of my appreciation and to help readers, notably the curious ones, I always include a glossary with translations, with literal and general meanings, at the end of my books. Yes, I know this is awkward to access on e-readers, hence I make sure that none of the information given in foreign words is essential to understanding the scene or the story. If it is, I cheat: in Warrior of two Kings, my young English protagonist – and hence also the reader – is lucky, as one of the Norman warriors is an interpreter who translates the foreign Norman gibberish into English.

Yet the linguistic challenges for us writers go beyond the character level. They start even before we decide how to handle languages of yore in our actual story, namely with the pile of research that every writer of historical fiction must do.

An essential question is how to get the information about the time and place where the story is set. What looks like a simple task might, however, be more complicated than it seems. After all, depending on your chosen time and setting, you may not be able to read source texts, because you do not speak the language they were written in and because there is no translation into a language you are familiar with.

There might also be specialist literature on certain essential details – architectural, social, cultural, whatever – in languages you don't know. Of course, if you don't know the languages, you won't be aware of those sources, but if for some reason, you come across them in your research, you'll have a hard time trying to make use of them.

Lastly, if your books are translated, how do you assess whether the translation is good? With my range of languages, those three areas are less of a problem, because I can search, understand and evaluate results in multiple languages. But what if this is not possible?

With the advent of free or cheap AI translation, you could always give that a try to get the gist of specialist literature. I would not go as far as to suggest using it on old source texts, though. For translations, you can always try to find colleagues or readers you trust who speak the translated language well enough to gauge the quality of the translation.

However, when it comes to specialist information, such as historical details and linguistic problems, there's nothing better than asking a specialist. Especially for obscure questions – I once needed help with Old Breton and Occitan dialects – I have found specialists very welcoming and helpful. So, don't be afraid to ask. It shows wisdom, not lack of it.

When faced with the challenge of languages, pick what is possible, desirable and most convenient to you and your readers. Think about how important languages and potential language barriers are for your story – you might discover interesting constellations of characters, underlying conflicts or motivations that could add an exciting extra to your novel.

For young Oswulf in Warrior of two Kings, it is the language barrier above all that alienates him from the Normans, creating mistrust and wariness. Cutting out the linguistic aspect would have removed much of the tension between the two opposing nations. It would also have given readers one reason less to fear for the young Saxon's life at a court full of foreign, battlehardened Norman warriors.

Whichever way you decide, language is a powerful tool to convey a story. Make sure you use it to the fullest of your abilities – your readers will love you for it.

Helpful resources for languages:

https://www.oed.com/discover/history-of-english – History of English

http://www.triviumpublishing.com/articles/languages.html – Languages in Medieval England

https://bosworthtoller.com – Old English Dictionary

https://www.oed.com/discover/old-english-an-overview/ – Linguistic background of Old English

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary – Middle English Dictionary

https://www.oed.com/discover/middle-english-an-overview/?tl=true – Linguistic background of Middle English

https://anglo-norman.net – Anglo-Norman Dictionary and everything Anglo-Norman

http://zeus.atilf.fr/dmf/ – Dictionary of Middle French

https://dicodoc.eu/fr/dictionnaires – Dictionnaire occitan (available in Occitan/French only)

http://www.koeblergerhard.de/ahdwbhin.html – Dictionary of Old High German (German only)

https://mhdwb-online.de/wb.php?buchstabe=A&portion=0 – Dictionary of Middle High German (German only)

http://micmap.org/dicfro/search/ – Enter a word and select one of the available dictionaries of English, French, Old French or Latin to look up the word

https://www.etymonline.com – Etymological Dictionary of English

https://lecteur-few.atilf.fr/ – French Etymological Dictionary

Birgit Constant

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About the Author

Birgit Constant has a PhD in medieval studies, has learned eleven languages and worked her way through translation, IT and Public Relations before ending up in the world of books. She writes historical fiction for language nerds and is particularly interested in hidden histories of less well-known people and places. Her works include the Northumbria Trilogy and a fictional biography about Marie de France, a 12th-century French writer. Subscribe to her newsletter Medieval Motes at www.birgitconstant.com for exclusive reading material, news from the Middle Ages, and information about her projects and books. You canalso find Birgit Constant on Facebook and Bluesky

26 October 2024

Visiting Athelhampton Historic House and Gardens in Dorset


Athelhampton House is one of England's finest Tudor Manors, a few miles from Dorchester in Dorset, near the village of Puddletown, and was buzzing with preparations for Tudor Week - Living History at Athelhampton (28th October-1st November 2024, (and 27th to 31st October, 2025)


During Tudor week living historians take on the characters of the 16th-century residents of Athelhampton, from gentlefolk to servants, and live, speak and act this part continuously, from early morning right through the day and into the evening. 


Juliet Braidwood, taking a rare moment
 from arranging Tudor Week

Cooks and servants prepare food in the Elizabethan kitchen, with its vast brick arch, and serve it in the Great Hall, built in 1485, which remains greatly unchanged with a hammer-beam roof, which has an unusual and possibly unique curved support.


Visitors can try Tudor food, have a go at period dances, learn to play games, examine clothing, try writing with a quill and much more.


I was fortunate to spend a morning with the owner, Giles Keating (author of the Anne of Athelhampton series). When he arrived five years ago, Giles researched the Martyn family. He found that about 1485 Sir William Martyn, merchant and landowner, whose family collected duties at Poole Harbour, built Athelhampton Hall, and the Martyns and their descendants became Lords of Athelhampton for the next 250 years.
Giles was struck by how unusual it was that the daughters had been made heiresses of the estate, becoming attractive marriage partners for desirable suitors - and undesirable ones! Anne, as a feisty and determined twelve-year old, finds herself entangled in the family feud with her sinister cousin, 'Young John'.


Giles revealed secret passageways and a hidden priest hole, and explained he is on a mission to restore the rooms with authentic period furniture but wishes to recognise how the history of the house has evolved with each generation of owners, and visitors from Thomas Hardy to Noel Coward.


One of the challenges of a Tudor house with as many rooms (seventeen open to the public) as Athelhampton is the cost of keeping them all warm and dry. Giles installed four hundred hidden solar panels, solved his over £50,000 a year energy bills and Athelhampton is now carbon neutral.


There are also many original Tudor roses to look out for, as well as a rare single rose of Lancaster, likely to date from the time of King Henry VII, carved into a wooden door.


I very much recommend a visit to the Grade 1 listed Athelhampton House – and the impressive gardens.


For more information please see https://www.athelhampton.com/ and Tudor Week will be live-streamed during Athelhampton opening hours and beyond at:



Tony Riches

Guest Post by Susan Grossey, Author of Ostler, Book One of The Cambridge Hardiman Mysteries


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

Cambridge of the 1820s is not all lectures and prayers, as university constable Gregory Hardiman discovers in the pages of this intriguing Regency crime novel.

I have three obsessions in life: dodgy money, justice, and research. And I manage to unite the three by writing historical crime novels that focus particularly on financial crime. My interest in dodgy money is a legacy of twenty-five years spent working as an anti-money laundering consultant, and it was while I was working that I wrote my first novel – Fatal Forgery – based on the true story of a banker who stole from his own bank in London in 1824. 

I had fully intended it to be my one and only novel. But I fell in love with the 1820s and with the constable who arrested the banker, and this eventually resulted in a series of seven “Sam Plank Mysteries” taking us up to the creation of the Metropolitan Police in 1829. By then I was well and truly hooked on writing historical crime stories, and now I am working on a new series. 

It takes place – again – in the 1820s, but this time the books are set in my hometown of Cambridge and narrated by a university constable called Gregory Hardiman. I am older and wiser now and already know that there will be five books in this series, which means that I can plan much more carefully and can drip-feed information about the characters in a more measured manner. 

The first Hardiman book is called Ostler and the second – Sizar – is coming out in December 2024.My greatest skill as a writer of historical fiction is that I am a dogged researcher. I am never happier than when truffling around in a library or archive. 

Indeed, I have to be strict with myself and call time on the research so that I can actually do some writing, which I prefer to do in silence, at a keyboard, and in the morning. I would love to be one of those writers who can sit in the corner of a coffee shop and jot down notes in a fancy Moleskine, but sadly I am too distracted if I am out and about, and so I have to sit myself facing a wall, turn off the radio and just knuckle down.

My advice for new writers is two-fold: choose something you enjoy writing about (chasing the market to jump on the latest bandwagon is very difficult, and trends move so quickly it’s all but impossible to write a book in time) and then just stick at it (which is why you really have to enjoy it – otherwise it is sheer misery, plodding on with something that bores you). I cannot tell you how many people I meet who tell me that they have a good idea for a book, or some notes in a drawer – but unfortunately for them, the only way to write a book is to actually write a book.

There are two very surprising things I have found when researching my books. The first is that in England in the 1820s there was no such thing as a defence in court: if you were accused of a crime, there was a prosecution lawyer and a jury – but no defence! 

You might be allowed to put forward some mitigation after the verdict, but you could not defend yourself – that was not put in place until the 1830s. Not the fairest of systems… And the second surprise is how enormously helpful people are when you ask about their specialist subject. 

I have contacted all sorts of experts – on paddle-steamers, poisonous plants, university processions, musket injuries and more – and without fail, they have offered their information with enormous goodwill and generosity. So if you need to know about something, just ask an expert – and of course make sure you put them in the acknowledgements section of your book. Some of them are so thrilled that you are actually interested in their pet subject that they buy several copies of the book to prove to their family that they are not the only one interested in it!

Raising awareness of individual books is a constant battle in a very crowded marketplace, and I think the key is to find the promotional channel that plays to your strengths. I am not a great user of social media in my private life and so I find it an uphill struggle as an author. 

But I do love talking about my books and the history and research behind them, and I enjoy meeting readers, so I choose to spend my promotional energy on giving talks to any group that invites me. I take along books to sell, and I encourage people to sign up to my free monthly e-newsletter so that they can hear about new books as they come out. I also make sure that my books are easy for people to buy, which means listing them on every sales platform, getting them into local bookshops, and offering them in multiple formats (paperback, e-books of various flavours, and audiobook).

I had no idea that I would end up as an author. And I still can’t imagine being about to – or indeed wanting to – write stories set in the modern age and pulled completely from my imagination. But give me an historical framework into which I can fit my characters and I am, as they would have said in the 1820s, quite nuts upon myself – or extremely pleased with life!

Susan Grossey

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About the Author

For twenty-five years I ran my own anti-money laundering consultancy, which gave me almost limitless opportunity to write about my very favourite subject: money laundering. And the obsession with understanding the mechanics and motivations of financial crime has only grown.I have spent years haunting the streets of Regency London, in the company of magistrates' constable Sam Plank. He is the narrator of my series of seven historical financial crime novels set in consecutive years in the 1820s - just before Victoria came to the throne, and in the policing period after the Bow Street Runners and before the Metropolitan Police.The fourth Sam Plank novel - "Portraits of Pretence" - was given the "Book of the Year 2017" award by influential book review website Discovering Diamonds. And the fifth - "Faith, Hope and Trickery" - was shortlisted for the Selfies Award 2019.My new series is the Cambridge Hardiman Mysteries, set in Cambridge in the 1820s and narrated by a university constable called Gregory Hardiman. Find out more at Susan's website https://susangrossey.com/ and find her on Facebook

25 October 2024

Book Launch Spotlight: Amid the Oncoming Storm (The Irish Fortune Series Book 3) by Juliane Weber


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

It’s the spring of 1847 and there’s much for Quin and Alannah to look forward to. And yet, the previous years’ hardships have left their mark. The famine that’s had Ireland in its grasp for the past two seasons continues to rage unabated, with hunger and disease sweeping across the land. As thousands lie dying, dissension spreads among the Irish people, the British government’s carelessness and their landlords’ ruthlessness breeding hatred in the poor and the oppressed.

With suffering all around them Quin and Alannah hold onto what happiness they’re able to. But can they trust the people living on their estate?

Set amongst the anguish of Ireland’s most devastating time in history, Amid the Oncoming Storm is a story of hope and resilience in a land struggling to rise from the depths of despair.

"A heartbreakingly emotional read. The pages practically turn themselves." - Yarde Book Reviews & Book Promotion

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About the author 
 
Juliane Weber is a scientist by training. She holds degrees in physiology and zoology, including a PhD in physiology. During her studies she realised, however, that her passion lay not in conducting scientific research herself, but in writing about it. Thus began her career as a medical writer, where she took on all manner of writing and editing tasks, in the process honing her writing skills, until she finally plucked up the courage to write her first historical novel, Under the Emerald Sky.  Juliane was born in Germany but spent most of her life in South Africa. She now lives with her husband and her two sons in Hamelin, Germany, the town made famous by the story of the Pied Piper.  Find out more (and follow her blog) on Juliane’s website www.julianeweber.com and find her on Facebook and Twitter @Writer_JW

22 October 2024

Historical Fiction Spotlight: Under a Lightning Sky: A gripping historical suspense set against the backdrop of the Blitz, by Pam Lecky


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

London is under attack. But within the rubble, a greater danger lurks… The Luftwaffe has been bombing London continuously 
since September 1940.

During a bombing raid, Madeline Fairfax is caught in her kitchen whilst cooking for her husband and children. She becomes trapped in the rear of her home, but regains consciousness just in time to see a familiar face, offering hope of rescue. But instead, Madeline is tragically strangled to death.

As a dangerous murderer uses the Blitz to cover their crime, local detective Jamie Barton enlists the help of Madeline’s sister and volunteer firefighter, Penny Miller to help. Now, caught in a web of uncertainty and mistrust, a grieving Penny must find the truth and do whatever it takes to protect those she loves most.

Together, will they unravel this case before it's too late…?

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About the Author

Pam Lecky
 is an Irish historical fiction author with Avon Books UK/Harper Collins. She is a member of the Historical Novel Society, The Crime Writers' Association, and the Society of Authors. She is represented by Thérèse Coen, at the Hardman & Swainson Literary Agency, London. Pam has a particular love of the late Victorian era/early 20th Century. Her debut novel, The Bowes Inheritance, was awarded the B.R.A.G Medallion; shortlisted for the Carousel Aware Prize 2016; and longlisted for the Historical Novel Society 2016 Indie Award. Her short stories are available in an anthology, entitled Past Imperfect, which was published in April 2018.  Find out more at Pam's website https://pamlecky.com/ and find her on Twitter @pamlecky

20 October 2024

Book Launch ~ Stuart Spouses: A Compendium of Consorts from James I of Scotland to Queen Anne of Great Britain, by Heather R Darsie


Available from Amazon UK 
and pre-order from Amazon US

Stuart Spouses looks at the oft-overshadowed consorts of the Stuart monarchs, from 1406 to 1714. 

By focusing on these people and detailing their rises to matrimony, the trials and tribulations of their courtships, and the impact their unions and dissolutions had on the kingdoms of Scotland, England, Ireland, and Wales, one learns not only the history of these kingdoms but the true, sometimes soft, power behind the throne.

"Stuart spouses focuses on the often disregarded by history consorts of the Stuart monarchs. I found it to be a well researched and fascinating portrait of people who were so important at one time in history but have been largely overshadowed by their spouses. I will definitely be adding this to my bookshelves and don’t hesitate to recommend it to anyone interested in this period of history." Amazon Review

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About the Author

About the Author

Heather R. Darsie works as an attorney in the US. Along with her Juris Doctorate she has a BA in German, which was of great value in her research. She completed multiple graduate-level courses in Early Modern History, with her primary focus being the Holy Roman Empire under Charles V. She runs the website MaidensAndManuscripts.com, and is a co-host of Tudors Dynasty podcast.  Find out more at maidensandmanuscripts.com  and follow her on Facebook and Twitter @HRDarsieHistory

18 October 2024

Book Review: The Life and Death of Mary, Queen of Scots by Jan-Marie Knights


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

Queen of Scots at six days old; married at fifteen in Paris to the Dauphin of France; Queen of France at sixteen; widowed at eighteen; dead at forty-four. Mary Stuart’s tumultuous life and tragic death continue to enthral us today. Utilising contemporary documents, Jan-Marie Knights tracks the fascinating story of Mary’s life and death by creating a diary-style blow-by-blow account of her actions and movements.

A Captivating Chronicle of a Tragic Queen

Jan-Marie Knights' The Life and Death of Mary, Queen of Scots is a an unusual exploration of one of history's enigmatic figures. This new account brings to life the tumultuous reign of Mary Stuart, a queen torn between her Catholic faith, her claim to the English throne, and the political machinations of her rivals.

One of the strengths of this book is how Jan-Marie Knights offers a nuanced understanding of Mary's character, acknowledging her strengths and her weaknesses.

I particularly liked the 'diary format' which keeps the timeline clear and is perfect for dipping in to check details - although I challenge readers not to find this a 'rabbit hole' and keep reading. 

What I missed is any referencing, and although there is a full bibliography, there were times when I found myself wanting to check some details.

The Life and Death of Mary, Queen of Scots is an informative book that will appeal to historians and general readers, and Jan-Marie Knights research make this book a useful addition to any library.

Tony Riches

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About the Author

Jan-Marie Knights is an ex- editor and journalist who has worked on many newspapers and magazines and is a keen researcher of local and Tudor history. She lives in the area known as the ‘Dukeries’ with her Tonkinese cat called Ashi.