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17 December 2024

Saturnalia Surprise: Special Guest Post by Alison Morton, Author of the Roma Nova Series #HistoryWritersAdvent24


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

Saturnalia Surprise

What if a part of the Roman Empire had survived? And they still celebrated the traditional celebration of Saturnalia? Carina Mitela, heroine of INCEPTIO, CARINA, PERFIDITAS and SUCCESSIO in the Roma Nova thriller series is anxious about her son Gilius missing the festivities, but knows that she owes it to her family, to her household to carry on with the biggest Roman festival of the year. 

From the journal of Carina Mitela 
Roma Nova, 17 December 2030 – Saturnalia

We were snowed in with metre high drifts. The media were having a field day with their graphs and charts. The ploughs and tractors were out despite it being an official holiday and battling to keep the main city roads cleared.
    Although most of the public Saturnalia celebrations were cancelled, the priests would nevertheless make the usual grand sacrifice and invoke Saturn’s blessings. I pitied them today; it was a Greek rite and they’d have to shiver in sleeveless fringed tunics, with heads bare instead of a warm woollen toga snuggly folded over the head. It was a sure bet they’d turn up the heating in the Temple of Saturn and have every open brazier burning hard.
    My husband, Conrad, and our youngest daughter, Tonia, sat in silence at breakfast. Our eldest, Allegra, had called first thing to say she would join us just after two when she finished her shift in the Praetorian Guard Special Forces. She looked tired on the screen; hopefully she’d get some sleep before tomorrow. Along with the rest of the military, she’d been called in to help ensure vital services were kept running.
    ‘I’ll be there, Mama, as long as there are no further disturbances in the city.’
    ‘What do you mean “disturbances”?’
     ‘Unfortunately,’ she said in the driest tone I’d ever heard her use, ‘some people seem to think the custodes concentrating on the bad weather crisis means they can help themselves to what’s in the shops. I’ve been freezing my extremities off in the Macellum district all night. We came across some kids with a crowbar in front of a smashed window, pulling stuff out of an electrical goods shop. The alarm was going full blast. As soon as they saw us, though, they ran like the Furies were after them.’ She chuckled.
    The sight of half a dozen Praetorians marching towards you with intent and attitude would make anybody run.
    ‘But the curia has opened the basilica for the public banquet. My oppo, Sergilia, has caught guard duty there,’ she added, making a face. The law court hall was huge and could accommodate up to a thousand. But good luck to those trying to keep order.
    After checking last details with my steward for our own celebration meal later, I retreated to my office for an hour to read my messages and ensure nobody had found my stash of gifts for the 23rd. Sigillaria was important not just for the kids who loved new toys, but a day when adults gave each other something to compensate for the excesses that would surely happen today.
    Normally on Saturnalia morning, my cousin Helena and I would sip a glass of champagne and exchange jokes and snippets of gossip. She had more than a finger on the pulse of city life; its lifeblood ran through her. She’d also forewarn me about any particularly risqué activities the household were planning for today.
    Ceding my place at the head of the Mitela tribe for a day to the princeps Saturnalicius was all well and good, but even misrule and chaos had its limit as far as I was concerned. But for a few hours, the house would be overrun with noise, people, stupid but fun dares, overeating, games, theatricals and stand-up of dubious taste, arguments, falling in lust, laughter and progressive drunkenness. Helena would make sure the children were safe out of the way when the horseplay became a little too raunchy.

By early afternoon the atrium blazed with light. Everywhere was covered in ferns, spruce and pine. In the centre was a large square table covered with linen, silverware, glasses, candles and the best china. I smelt roast pork, lemons and spices. In tune with the reversal of the day Junia, the steward, was enthroned in my usual place. Conrad handed me a glass of champagne even though he was on waiter duty. His Saturnalia tunic was bright orange. He shrugged. Then grinned. Wearing over-colourful clothes was traditional, but a strain on the eyes.
    ‘It’s only for a day,’ he whispered.
    ‘I know,’ and smiled back. ‘But I wish Gil had been able to make it.’ 
    Our thirteen-year-old son had been staying in the country with Conrad’s cousin and was caught in the atrocious weather. Gil loved the madness of Saturnalia. My geeky son would turn into a shiny-eyed imp of Tartarus, darting around, laughing and joking, pulling pranks I didn’t know he knew. Now he’d be holed up with Conrad’s serious cousin for days. I only hoped they had enough food and the electricity hadn’t been cut, like the phone.
    ‘Well, Tonia’s having fun.’ Conrad pointed to her skipping between people with trays of hors d’oeuvres, watched anxiously by the steward’s son, and me. I could see at least one of the trays coming to grief, contents slithering across the marble floor.
‘Io Saturnalia!’
    I blinked at the hearty shout from the household and guests gathered around and raised my glass, then bowed towards the steward. She went to speak, but a blast of cold air and a loud thud interrupted her. All heads turned towards the atrium doors, now open. Allegra, in her military fatigues and winter parka, cheeks burning with the indoor heat, tore off her field cap and shouted, ‘Io Saturnalia’.
Everybody shouted back, the noise filling the atrium. I hugged her to me, ignoring the cold and wet of her thick coat.
    ‘I’ve brought you something else, Mama,’ she whispered in my ear and nodded towards the double doors. On the threshold stood a lanky boy – pale, shivering and wide-eyed. He was enveloped in a survival blanket.
Gil.
‘I found him trudging through the city,’ Allegra said. ‘He’s walked the ten kilometres from Brancadorum to get here and —.’
    But I didn’t hear the rest of what she said. I ran to the door and crushed him in my arms.
    Io Saturnalia, indeed!

Alison Morton

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About the Author

Alison Morton writes award-winning thrillers featuring tough but compassionate heroines. Her eleven-book Roma Nova series is set in an imaginary European country where a part of the ancient Roman Empire has survived into the 21st century and is ruled by women who face conspiracy, revolution and heartache but with a sharp line in dialogue. INCEPTIO starts the adventure in the present. Her latest, EXSILIUM, plunges us back to the late 4th century, to the very foundation of Roma Nova. Find out more from Alison's website https://alison-morton.com and find her on Facebook and Twitter

16 December 2024

"A Festive Betrothal." Special Guest Post by Amy McElroy, Author of Mary Tudor: Queen of France #HistoryWritersAdvent24


Available for pre-order 

Mary Tudor, Henry VIII's sister, lived a remarkable life. A princess, duchess and queen, she was known as the English Rose for her beauty. Mary Tudor, Queen of France, aims to explore the life of one of the few who stood up to Henry VIII and lived to tell the tale.

A Festive Betrothal.

On Sunday 17 December 1508, the whole Tudor court gathered at Richmond Palace. This day was going to be a grand occasion; it was a day for a betrothal. Henry VII was seated on a dais whilst the rest of the court, including Henry, Prince of Wales and Katherine of Aragon were amongst those gathered to witness this momentous occasion. Henry VII had already succeeded in marrying two of his children; Margaret had married James IV of Scotland five years earlier, and Prince Arthur had married Katherine of Aragon, although Arthur had sadly died in 1502. On this day he would see his daughter Mary betrothed into one of the most powerful dynasties in Europe. Mary was about to be betrothed to Charles, Prince of Castile.

Charles was the son of Philip of Burgundy and Juana, queen of Castile, sister to Katherine of Aragon. His grandfathers, Maximilan, Holy Roman Emperor, and Ferdinand I of Aragon, between them, wielded much power within Europe. However, neither of these were present. By this point Philip was dead and Ferdinand was acting on behalf of his daughter to govern her realm of Castile, alleging her mental incapacity as a reason to do so. Philip and Juana had previously been guests, though unexpectedly, of Henry VII in 1506 when their ship blew off course. Negotiations for Mary’s betrothal had been ongoing since this time. Despite many setbacks, the day had finally arrived.

The young princess stood at the foot of the dais below her father, whilst Lord de Berghes, acting as proxy for Charles stood to the side. William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury began proceedings with a long speech about the benefits of the union and the blessings of friendship between the two realms. Representing Charles’ court, Jean le Sauvaige, President of Flanders also delivered a speech. With the long speeches over it was time to commence with vows. Lord de Berghes went first, holding Mary’s hand and repeating the vows in the present tense as they were spoken by Sauvaige. When it came to Mary, she took the hand of de Berghes and spoke her vows in French;

‘I, Mary, by you John, Lord of Berg, commissary and procurator of the most high and puissant Prince Charles, by the grace of God Prince of Spain, Archduke of Austria, and Duke of Burgundy, etc. hereto by his commission and special procuration constituted and ordained, by your means and signifying this to me – take the said Lord Charles to my husband and spouse, and consent to him as to my husband and spouse. And to him and to you for him, I promise that henceforward, during my natural life, I will have, hold, and repute him as my husband and spouse; and for this I plight my troth to him and to you for him’. 

With the vows over, de Berghes kissed Mary and placed a gold ring on her finger. After the ratifications had all been completed, the court attended Mass before the celebratory feasts and jousting took place over the following days. Mary was now Princess of Castile, and watched the jousting from her place of honour along with her sister-in-law Katherine of Aragon and their ladies. Henry VII is often referred to as being a miser but he certainly was not when it came to his family. He happily met all the costs of the betrothal but also paid for wine and food to be available for the inhabitants of London to share in the celebration.

The final day of celebrations consisted of a banquet where Charles’ embassy presented their new princess with gifts. Amongst the gifts was a piece of jewellery, sent by her betrothed. Sadly we do not know what this item was, but we do know it featured a golden letter ‘K’ for Karolus (Charles) set with diamonds and pearls. The words ‘Maria optimam partem elegit, quӕ non auferetur ab eâ’ (Mary chose the best part, which shall not be taken away from her) were engraved. Mary also received a large diamond with pearls and a ruby on behalf of Maximilian amongst other gifts. 

With the celebrations concluded, Henry VII asked the embassy if they would like to remain at court to celebrate the festive season but they declined, leaving the court to return home. As the court began to prepare for the coming Christmas period, negotiations and preparations were now underway for Mary to travel to the court of Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy, aunt of Charles, and regent of the Netherlands. Despite being a princess, Mary would need assistance in learning the customs of Charles’ court, although it wasn’t all bad as it meant new fashions and dances, something Mary likely relished the thought of. For now however, Mary could remain with her family and celebrate Christmas and the gift-giving season at New Year.

If you would like to read more about Mary, my book Mary Tudor, Queen of France, is currently available for preorder and will be published in February 2025. If you would like to support an independent bookshop, Mary can be ordered directly from Fox Lane Books and will be sent signed and dedicated. Preorder here: PRE-ORDER Mary Tudor: Queen of France - with SIGNED bookplate - out 28/2/25 | Fox Lane Books

Amy McElroy

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About the Author

Amy McElroy was born in Liverpool and lived there until she moved to the Midlands for university where she studied Criminal Justice followed by Post-Grad Law. Amy is currently a civil servant, working full-time alongside her writing. She also has a blog where she reviews historical fiction and non-fiction. Amy’s first book, Educating the Tudors, was published in January 2023 and focuses on the education of all classes, the subjects they learned and who taught them. Her second book, Women’s Lives in the Tudor Era is out February 2024 and she is currently writing her third book, Mary Tudor, Queen of France. Amy also has a fourth, Desiderius Erasmus, in the pipeline, with a few more ideas up her sleeves for the future.
Amy enjoys seeing her family back in Liverpool, especially her little furry assistant in the form of cavapoo Cooper, and visiting her dad in Spain, especially in the summer. You can find out more about Amy at her blog - https://amymcelroy.blog/ and follow her on Facebook and Twitter @AmyMc_Books

15 December 2024

Special Guest Post by Rosemary Griggs, Author of A Woman of Noble Wit, #HistoryWritersAdvent24


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

Few women of her time lived to see their name in print. But Katherine was no ordinary woman. She was Sir Walter Raleigh’s mother. This is her story. Set against the turbulent background of a Devon rocked by the religious and social changes that shaped Tudor England; a Devon of privateers and pirates; a Devon riven by rebellions and plots, A Woman of Noble Wit tells how Katherine became the woman who would inspire her famous sons to follow their dreams. It is Tudor history seen though a woman’s eyes.

For many of us in 21st century England, Christmas is an excuse for family gatherings, eating too much, and an orgy of gift giving. Decorations go up earlier every year — when we checked out of one lovely hotel during our summer progress this year, the Christmas tree was already on display in reception. It was mid August! (Admittedly, they did substantial business hosting Christmas feasts, but even so!)

Christmas is also a welcome holiday from work, a chance to re-charge the batteries before a New Year begins. It’s also a time to make plans for the next year, to look forward, to give thanks for our blessings, and to help those in need.

I’ve been thinking about what Christmas was like for the people of Tudor England, and how important that mid-winter break must have been for them.

In the sixteenth century, winters were long and extremely cold. The Tudor and Elizabethan years fell within the ‘Little Ice Age’, which lasted from around 1300 to 1850. During that time average temperatures plummeted — some estimates suggest by as much as by 3.6°F in Europe and North America. 

Occasionally, even mighty rivers like the Thames froze so hard that horses and carts could cross. It’s often suggested that Henry VIII and his third wife, Jane Seymour, crossed the ice-bound Thames when travelling from Whitehall to Greenwich, either on horseback, or in a sleigh, during the winter of 1536–37. The Chronicler, Windsor Herald, Charles Wriothesley, says:

‘… the Kinge’s Grace, the Queen’s Grace, and my ladye Marye, the kings daughter, tooke their horses at the sayde Pallase of Westmynster accompanied with a goodlye company of lords, ladyes, and gentellmen, and so roode from thense through the cittye of London to Grenwych …

… The cause of the kings rydinge through London was because the Tames was so frosynne that there might no boots [boats] go there on for yse [ice].’

Whether the King and his wife of six months rode across the frozen river or took a safer route over London, Bridge is uncertain, but the river certainly froze.


Thames Frost Fair, 1683–84, by Thomas Wyke,
(Wikimedia Commons)

Henry’s daughter Elizabeth also saw frequent grim winters throughout her reign. For example, in 1564-65 the frost set in on December 7 and from Christmas Day until January 13, the river remained frozen. It’s said that boys played football on the ice and shot “at marks”, and the Queen practiced archery on the frozen surface. The river froze over some 24 times between the early 1600s and 1814, and people often enjoyed frost fairs.

That may sound like fun, but for ordinary people, such weather added an extra burden to already harsh lives. Severe frosts often continued from October to April. Travel was difficult, while frost, snow and storms disrupted the farming year. The frozen or waterlogged ground delayed spring planting, and hail damaged crops. This often led to poor harvest, food prices rocketing, scarcity and even famine. The 1590s was the coldest decade of the 16th century, with a run of terrible summers and very harsh winters, leading to an Elizabethan ‘cost-of-living crisis’.

At the start of the Tudor period, the population of England totalled 2.2 million. By 1600, it had grown to 4.1 million. Wages increased much slower than prices; as a result, real wages of agricultural workers, labourers and skilled artisans fell by about 60 per cent over the course of the century.

The dissolution of the monasteries in 1536-40, and closing down religious guilds, fraternities, almshouses, and hospitals, had taken away much of the institutional fabric which had provided charity for the poor. Many people experienced severe hardship, and civil unrest followed. Acts of Parliament in 1597-98 and 1601, the first ‘Poor Laws’, aimed to prevent starvation and to control public order.

Amid such testing conditions, the twelve days of Christmas must have come as a welcome relief; a time when most people could feel warmer, eat a little better than usual, and take a break from the relentless toil of day-to-day life. In far-flung rural communities, the local nobility and gentry opened their doors and invited many to share the warmth of their fireside and to eat at their Christmas table. It was as a time for hospitality and giving alms to the poor, not just an excuse for one long party.

For twelve whole days, the only work carried out was feeding any livestock that had escaped the November cull, and putting food on the table for the Christmas feasts. They locked the plough in the church on Christmas Eve, and only brought it out again on Plough Monday, (the Monday after Twelfth night). This stopped any of the men waking on a crisp New Year’s morning tempted to set out to plough the top field. Similarly, the women who usually sat at their spinning wheels would weave boughs of greenery, ivy, and holly into the spokes, avoiding any temptation to work.

As in earlier Roman and Saxon festivals, decking the halls with greenery signified hope that after the dark days of winter, spring would return. The mid winter holiday marked the turning of the year.

With all of that in mind, it’s not surprising that Christmas festivities often feature in the stories I write about women who lived in Devon during those turbulent Tudor years. Here’s an extract form “A Woman of Noble Wit’ about a Christmas that is a turning point in young Katherine Champernowne’s life. She’s been with her grandmother at Mohun’s Ottery, learning how to be a lady. After her grandmother dies, she returns to Modbury, feeling very sad. Not until Twelfth night does she cheer up.

In the end it was Arthur who made her smile. He had the portion of the Twelfth Night cake which held the dried pea. What a time that little boy had as Prince of the Pea; his mirth so infectious that even Eliza, who seemed almost as sad as Katherine, had to laugh. Arthur was nearly six years old, but thought himself already a man. How he revelled in his powers, giving out ever more audacious commands. He ordered Father to sit on the floor amongst the dogs, Mother to dance on the table, and the girls to wear their headdresses backwards. The minstrels played, Arthur strutted around, and the waves of uncontrollable laughter that engulfed them all seemed to release a spring in Katherine. She started to emerge from her despair like a moth carefully shedding its dark pupa and gingerly spreading its wings.

 

 Rosemanry Griggs


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About the Author

Author and speaker Rosemary Griggs has been researching Devon's sixteenth-century history for years. She has discovered a cast of fascinating characters and an intriguing network of families whose influence stretched far beyond the West Country. She loves telling the stories of the forgotten women of history — the women beyond the royal court; wives, sisters, daughters and mothers who played their part during those tumultuous Tudor years: the Daughters of Devon. Her novel A Woman of Noble Wit tells the story of Katherine Champernowne, Sir Walter Raleigh’s mother, and features many of the county’s well-loved places. The Dartington Bride, published March 2024, is the extraordinary tale of Lady Gabrielle Roberda Montgomery who travelled from France to Elizabethan England to marry into the prominent and well-connected Champernowne family. Rosemary creates and wears sixteenth-century clothing, a passion which complements her love for bringing the past to life through a unique blend of theatre, history and re-enactment. Her appearances and talks for museums and community groups all over the West Country draw on her extensive research into sixteenth-century Devon, Tudor life and Tudor dress, particularly Elizabethan. Out of costume, Rosemary leads heritage tours of the gardens at Dartington Hall, a fourteenth-century manor house and now a a historic visitor destination, events venue and thriving community of businesses, colleges and more. You can find out more on Rosemary’s website:  https://rosemarygriggs.co.uk/ and follow her on Bluesky and Twitter @RAGriggsauthor

14 December 2024

Guest Post by Loretta Bushell : How to Write a Historical Fiction Story That Stands Out #Writing #HistoricalFiction


How to Write a Historical Fiction Story That Stands Out

The idea of writing historical fiction can be a bit daunting; some authors believe this genre is best left to academics and staunch history buffs. I’m here to tell you that’s not true — your ability to tell a story is much more important than your ability to spout facts and figures off the top of your head!

As long as you’re willing to put in the hours, there’s no reason why you can’t write historical fiction… even if you haven’t studied history since high school. That said, historical fiction does come with a unique set of challenges. But they’re nothing you can’t overcome with the help of these five tips:

1. Do lots of research

If you choose to retell history or include references to real historical figures, it is obviously essential that you get your facts right. But even if you’re writing a completely made-up story, you’re going to have to do a ton of research. And I mean a ton.

Did you know that high-fiving has only been a thing since the late 1970s? Or that pink has only been associated with girls since the 1930s? No? There are so many things that are more modern than you might realise. That’s why you need to fact-check everything.

But you don’t need to check it all at once. If you try to research everything as you write, you’ll never get anywhere — so instead, try highlighting things to look up later. You’ll be more productive when you can write for a continuous period without interruption. (And as a bonus, there will be things you edit out before you ever look them up — meaning you won’t waste time on needless research.)

That said, you do need to research major plot points before you start writing. After all, you don’t want to find out halfway through your novel that the whole premise of a life-changing high five doesn’t work! So for anything that will change the trajectory of your story, make sure you’ve carefully researched it beforehand.

2. Don’t lecture your reader

If you do your research right, you’ll soon be an expert on your particular era of history. It’s great to have that depth of knowledge — but your reader doesn’t need to know as much as you do. 

Your reader could have chosen to read a hefty textbook or watch a 12-part documentary series. But they’re reading your novel instead. That tells you something: they’re here for a bit of fun, not a history lecture. For most readers, if they happen to learn something about 17th-century politics or ancient Greek cuisine along the way, that’s just a bonus.

With this in mind, the majority of your research should not make it onto the page. And the bits that do should be woven into your story naturally — through the characters’ actions, words or feelings, rather than through long paragraphs of exposition. 

For example, in Wolf Hall, Hilary Mantel doesn’t lecture her readers on what port officers were like in Tudor times. Rather, she shows this through an interaction that young Thomas Cromwell witnesses:
 
He sees three elderly Lowlanders struggling with their bundles and moves to help them. The packages are soft and bulky, samples of woollen cloth. A port officer gives them trouble about their documents, shouting into their faces. He lounges behind the clerk, pretending to be a Lowland oaf, and tells the merchants by holding up his fingers what he thinks a fair bribe.

You can also contrast the “lecture-like” tone simply by showing your characters doing day-to-day activities. True, in contemporary fiction, it would be less than ideal to read about people putting their laundry on or using an oven. But in historical fiction, these everyday routines can be fascinating because they are so different from ours.

For example, in The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, small details like the iron being heated on the stove help to evoke the Second World War setting. Every little scene contributes to the reader’s immersion in the setting — and helps counteract potential boredom.

3. Sacrifice accuracy sparingly

Another common quandary that historical fiction authors face is: just how accurate does my story need to be? This question is debated regularly in the writing community, with no real consensus. My own advice is to be as accurate as you can… unless you have a specific reason not to be.

Here’s when it’s perfectly fine not to be historically accurate (with caveats about where you should still attempt accuracy):

1. You are writing an alternate history, like Philip K. Dick’s The Man in the High Castle, which explores a world in which the Allies lost the Second World War. Your alternate history is obviously inaccurate — but any part before the divergence from real events should still be factually correct.

2. You are exploring one of history’s great mysteries. Maybe your novel will reveal the identity of Jack the Ripper or decode The Voynich Manuscript. You can’t know whether your story is accurate, but it should be presented as plausible and will therefore still require careful research.

3. The real history is so complicated that you can’t explain it without resorting to the dreaded paragraphs of exposition I warned you against.

However, the rest of the time, it’s best to be as accurate as possible. After all, nobody is going to get offended by a novel being too accurate (unless it’s because you’re lecturing them). But you can rely on dedicated readers to point out every inaccuracy — some of them will even knock a star off their rating for it.

That’s not to say that you can never include historically inaccurate details. Of course, there are many things that simply aren’t on record and can only be imagined, like much of Thomas Cromwell’s personal life in Wolf Hall by Hilary Mantel.

But every direct contradiction of accepted facts must serve a narrative purpose within your story — whether that is to simplify something unimportant, challenge the accepted version of history, or possibly even create a more compelling backstory for a character.

Whatever the reason, make sure you include an author’s note which justifies the decision. Only then will your readers stand any chance of forgiving it.

4. Use timeless language

My advice on accuracy applies to the content of the story only — not the language. It is a bad idea to use historically accurate language because it completely alienates the reader.

Not convinced? Try reading these four lines of Middle English from the prologue of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, circa the 14th century:

Whan that Aprille with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the roote,
And bathed every veyne in swich licour
Of which vertu engendred is the flour;

Even fairly “recent” classics are hard going for the modern reader. We all know the story of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, but how many of us have read it all the way through? If you use the language and style of your chosen era, you are setting yourself up to fail.

On the other hand, language that is explicitly modern, like recent slang, can also alienate the reader because it feels so out of place. The solution is to use neutral, timeless language — peppered with the odd piece of period-appropriate slang if you fancy it.

5. Don’t forget the basics

Finally, don’t forget that a historical fiction novel must also have all the usual elements of a good story in terms of theme, plot, characters, etc.

However, as a 21st-century writer, don’t fall into the trap of creating characters with 21st-century values and ideals. Sure, your main character can be progressive — but try to frame their progressiveness within the context of the time period.

For instance, your 18th-century character is welcome to express the opinion that everyone should be allowed to love who they love… but you will lose all credibility if they start using terms like “homophobic” and “heteronormative”.

It’s true that Historical fiction readers can be a tricky bunch to please, but with these tips, you can write a historical fiction story that has just the right mix of authenticity and entertainment. The world may be your oyster, but history is a treasure chest — so dive in and see which era takes your fancy!

Loretta Bushell

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About the Author

Loretta Bushell writes for Reedsy, a marketplace that connects authors with resources and professionals to help them publish their dream book. Loretta is also a part-time translator and spends her spare time reading books of all genres (except horror!) and playing board games. 

Christmas Bells: A Special Guest Post by Tracey Warr, Author of Love's Knife (Trobairitz Sleuth Book 1) #HistoryWritersAdvent24


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

1093. The music of murder. Beatriz de Farrera is a trobairitz (a female troubadour) at the court of Toulouse. She sings of love but intends to evade marriage and romantic entanglements.

Christmas Bells

One Christmas morning, my eight-year-old daughter ran to tell me she had heard Father Christmas’ sleigh bells in the night. Her bedroom backed onto the garden. We went into the garden to investigate and found Father Christmas’ elves had left her a note and present tied to the shed door, where we kept our rabbit and guinea-pig hutch, thanking her for looking after her animals so well. I guessed it was my neighbour, a keen animal rights campaigner, who had left the note and run up and down the garden with bells in the night, but that knowledge didn’t disperse the magic.

Bells are associated with Christmas, appearing on Christmas cards and Christmas trees. They are rung by carol singers and peal for the Christmas Eve midnight service. 

In December 1965, astronauts Tom Stafford and Wally Schirra, were orbiting the Earth, when they claimed to have spotted an unidentified flying object. 

‘We have an object, looks like a satellite going from north to south, probably in a polar orbit,’ Stafford told Mission Control in Houston, Texas. ‘Stand by one; it looks like he’s trying to signal us.’

The astronauts then played Jingle Bells with Schirra on harmonica and Stafford on bells. 

Mission Control responded, ‘You’re too much Gemini 6.’

Here is a medieval version of Jingle Bells for you to listen to. (The song was written in 1850 originally for Thanksgiving but became associated with Christmas.)


Jingle Bells (Medieval Style, Bardcore)
 
My historical novels are set in medieval Europe, so I investigated the significance of bells for medieval Christmas, especially in the area of southern France where I live. The nearby town of Castres has a famous carillon of 34 bells that are played at Christmas. 


A carillon is a large number of bells played from a keyboard. You can hear the bells and see the bellplayers in action in this video (in French).


Castres, Christmas carillon

Early civilisations, such as Babylon, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, used bells. Early Christians were called to worship with wooden clackers or trumpets but by the 6th century handbells, such as the clochette from Montauban in were in use. 


Church tower bells and the first large bells appeared from the 7th century on. Bell towers were often free-standing, such as this one dating to the 15th century at the village of Brousse-le-Chateau in the Tarn Valley in France. Visiting this village was the very first inspiration for me for writing historical fiction.


During a writing residency in the Catalan Pyrenees, I visited medieval gravestones in the village of Tirveu, including one for a bellmaker.


 The 9th-century iron bell above the black Madonna in the church at Rocamadour is said to ring on its own when somewhere in the world the Virgin performs a miracle. Many of these miracles are linked to sailors in peril at sea. A stone plaque on the wall lists fifteen years between 1385 and 1617 when the bell rang without human intervention.


New bells are often blessed, washed with holy water and might have godparents like a baptism. They have names and are often engraved and decorated. They have also been punished when they failed to magically sound an alarm. They were supposed to ring of their own accord in danger. If they didn’t ring, they were taken down and filled with thorns.

Bells have been prisoners of war. During the Muslim-Christian battles of the tenth century, bells as emblems of Christian culture were targeted in attacks and collected as trophies. In 997 the Cordoban ruler al-Mansūr sacked the town and shrine of Santiago de Compostela, razed the pilgrimage church, and took the bells to Córdoba. These bells were returned to Santiago in 1236 when Fernando III conquered Córdoba. 

Bell founders are known as saintiers in France and large bells, with their deep notes, are called bourdons. Bell casting was carried out by monasteries, and then by itinerant lay founders. Bell casting was often carried out on site. These bellmakers were skilled specialists and the skill was often handed down in families across generations. Bellmaking families in France have included the Farniers, the Drouots, the Cochois, and the Bollées. York Minster has a set of stained-glass windows depicting the founding of its bells. 

Happy Christmas! Listen out for Christmas bells where you are.

My latest novel Love’s Knife (Image 7) is Christmas-free since the action takes place January-September 1093. Nevertheless, it makes a great Christmas present or a book for you to curl up with over the winter holidays. A murder occurs in the wine cellar. Can you figure out, along with my medieval sleuth, Beatriz, who the murderer is and why they did it?


Tracey Warr

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About the Author

Tracey Warr was born in London and lives in a tiny medieval house in southern France, where she is surrounded by spectacular castles, such as Najac and Penne, and fascinating stories about their medieval occupants. She has published six historical novels. She draws on archeological sites, old maps, chronicles, poems and museum objects to create fictional worlds for her readers to step into. Before becoming a full-time writer, she worked as a contemporary art curator and art history academic. Her France-based novels are focused on the La Marche family in The Viking Hostage – 10th century and Almodis the Peaceweaver – 11th century. Her latest novel, Love’s Knife, is the first in the Trobairitz Sleuth series featuring a female troubadour and another woman descended from the La Marches – Philippa of Toulouse, who married Duke Guillaume IX of Aquitaine, the troubadour duke. Tracey Warr’s Conquest trilogy centres on the turbulent life of the Welsh noblewoman, Nest ferch Rhys, during the Norman conquest. Find out more at Tracy's website https://meandabooks.com  and Twitter @TraceyWarr1

13 December 2024

Special Guest Post by Author Annie Whitehead: Lady Æthelflæd and Twelfth Night #HistoryWritersAdvent24


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

One family, two kingdoms, one common enemy..  This is the true story of Aethelflaed, the ‘Lady of the Mercians’, daughter of Alfred the Great. She was the only female leader of an Anglo-Saxon kingdom.

Twelfth Night is something we associate immediately with the Christmas period, even if we can never quite work out its exact date! (When DO you take your Christmas tree and decorations down to avoid bad luck for the rest of the year?)

Shakespeare wrote a play, Twelfth Night, which inspired much of the plot of the film Shakespeare in Love, including the main character of Viola. In the film, Queen Elizabeth, so memorably portrayed by Dame Judi Dench, asks Master Shakespeare for a ‘comedy next time’, something for Twelfth Night. And we know immediately that the feast will be just that - a feast with revels. 

Traditional activities at this time include eating ‘king cake’(with a bean inside it to represent the Christ child), singing Christmas carols - something most folk perhaps only do until Christmas Eve - chalking the door (writing numbers for the year and crosses), having one's house blessed, and attending church services. 

There is also the tradition known as Wassailing - the practice of gathering in an orchard and drinking and singing in the hope of encouraging a good harvest later in the year. ‘Wassail’ comes from Old English ‘Wes hal’ (be whole i.e. good health), the language the Anglo-Saxons spoke. And the observance of Twelfth night is very old indeed.

In 567 A.D, the Second Council of Tours proclaimed the days from Christmas to Epiphany as a sacred and festive season, creating what became known as the twelve days of Christmas, or Christmastide.

So we can be pretty sure that to the strongly religious Anglo-Saxons of the pious King Alfred the Great’s court, Twelfth Night was observed as a very special religious feast. (Alfred ruled from 871-899.)

Imagine then that you’re a little girl, maybe eight or nine years old. It’s been a long day, of service in the church and then a feast: you might have seen more than one type of meat on the table, because this was such a special occasion, and that could have been beef, mutton, goose or pork, either boiled or roasted. There might also have been shellfish from the nearby River Avon. 

Any cheese served would have been ‘hard’ - there would have been nuts, too, probably hazel. A cereal ‘briw’ of barley, with leeks, onions, garlic or cabbage might also have been supplemented with dried peas or beans. Oh, and the drink… wine, mead, beer, and plenty of it.

How much King Alfred would have eaten is unknowable, but he was plagued by some form of digestive illness, so perhaps he showed some restraint. You, on the other hand, would probably have been allowed some watered ale or even a little wine and now, stuffed, you’re ready for bed. You have your younger brother close by, and your mother is tending your even younger siblings. You, as the daughter of the king, have nothing to fear. Or do you?

You’ve always been aware of the Viking threat, and known that your father often goes away to fight the invaders. You have bad dreams about scary, scaly monsters, because you’ve never seen an actual Viking and your imagination runs amok in the dark of the night. But not tonight. Not when all are gathered together and have been entertained with songs and stories. There might have been dancing too, and now you settle down, replete. And yet, for all the devotions, God appears not to be smiling on Alfred’s hall this night. 

It was Alfred who commissioned the work we call the Anglo-Saxon-Chronicle, and the entry for 878, reads: ‘In this year in midwinter after twelfth night the enemy army came stealthily to Chippenham, and occupied the land of the West Saxons and settled there, and drove a great part of the people across the sea, and conquered most of the others; and the people submitted to them, except King Alfred.’

Alfred’s biographer, a contemporary, tells us that Alfred went with a small band of nobles into hiding ‘amid the woody and marshy places of Somerset. He had nothing to live on except what he could forage by frequent raids.’

Now, the Chronicle does just say ‘after twelfth night’ so it wasn’t necessarily on that very night,  but the whole episode must have been terrifying for Alfred’s young children, and the scene in Chippenham forms one of the opening chapters in my novel about his eldest daughter, Æthelflæd. For dramatic purposes, I chose to set it on Twelfth Night itself.


Æthelflæd as depicted in the cartulary
of Abingdon Abbey

The book charts her life, most of which was spent in Mercia, not Wessex, the land of her birth. Her tireless campaign to fight off the raiders, first alongside her husband and father, and then with her brother, is the stuff of legend. But to me, a huge part of her make-up was the fear of the unseen invaders, the night-terrors that their attacks had induced. And there is a pivotal moment later in the book when she meets one such ‘Viking’ and finally faces her fears.

It was an immense honour for me to spend time with this lady, taking what is known about her life and reimagining it as a tale of historical fiction. I really felt that I got to know her, as I pondered how she would react to the challenges in her life, challenges that started in early childhood and continued throughout her adulthood. I owe her a lot - this was the book which secured me an agent, and kickstarted my writing career. It also won me awards, as well as being longlisted for the Historical Novel Society Indie Book of the Year.


St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester, burial place of Æthelflæd

A few years ago, whilst taking photos for my first nonfiction book, I visited the site of her grave and was really quite overcome with emotion. Lady Æthelflæd was an extraordinary person, the only female ruler of an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, who was succeeded - albeit briefly - by her daughter. A woman ruler did not succeed a woman ruler again in England until the Tudor Age. So, if you’re reading this with a glass of mulled wine at this festive time of year, perhaps raise it in a toast to Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians. A woman who knew what it takes To Be A Queen.

Annie Whitehead

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About the Author:

Annie Whitehead is a prize-winning writer, historian, and Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and has written four award-winning novels set in ‘Anglo-Saxon’ Mercia. She has contributed to fiction and nonfiction anthologies and written for various magazines. She has twice been a prize winner in the Mail on Sunday Novel Writing Competition, and won First Prize in the 2012 New Writer Magazine's Prose and Poetry Competition. She has been a finalist in the Tom Howard Prize for nonfiction and was shortlisted for the Exeter Story Prize and Trisha Ashley Award 2021. She was the winner of the inaugural Historical Writers’ Association (HWA)/Dorothy Dunnett Prize 2017 and was subsequently a judge for that same competition. She has also been a judge for the HNS (Historical Novel Society) Short Story Competition, and is a 2024 judge for the HWA Crown Nonfiction Award. Her nonfiction books are Mercia: The Rise and Fall of a Kingdom and Women of Power in Anglo-Saxon England (Pen & Sword Books). In 2023 she contributed to a new history of English monarchs, published by Hodder & Stoughton, and in February 2025 Amberley Books will publish Murder in Anglo-Saxon England. Find out more from Annie's website https://anniewhiteheadauthor.co.uk/ and find her om Facebook and Twitter @AnnieWHistory

Special Guest Post by JR Tomlin, Author of On a Sword's Edge: A Historical Novel of Scotland (William the Bold Book 1)


Available from Amazon UK and Amazon US

Scotland. 1263. The scent of rain mingles with the smoke of campfires as word spreads: the Norse are coming… As tempers rise between King Alexander and the Norse King Haakon, at the center of it all is sixteen-year-old William Douglas, a squire in service to Sir John Stewart, Lord High Steward of Scotland.

What first spurred my interest in this period is that it might be considered the last fight of the ‘Viking Age’. Although that age is usually dated as ending earlier, it was in the Viking Age that the Norse conquered all the Scottish Isles and Caithness in the north Scottish mainland.
 
When the Jarl of Orkney, Jon Haraldsson, encouraged farmers in his lands of Caithness, claimed as part of his Orkney Jarldom, to murder Bishop Adam of Melrose, it gave King Alexander II exactly the excuse he was looking for. In 1222, he personally led an invasion of Caithness. He subjugated it to Scottish rule, executing the farmers guilty of the murder.

This ended Norse rule on mainland Scotland, but the Isles were still ruled by the Norse with fealty to the King of Norway. Around 1230, the Stewarts of Dundonald took the Isle of Bute, which is in the Firth of Clyde, from the Norse, but all the other Isles remained under Norse domination.

King Alexander had other portions of Scotland to bring firmly under royal control, so it was not until 1249 that he turned his attentions once more to the Norse and to the Western Isles. He began negotiations to buy them, but when that failed, he was about to lead an invasion when he died, leaving a seven-year-old boy, Alexander III, as his heir. Not surprisingly, this ended Scottish attempts to gain the Western Isles for quite some time. As usual in a regency, the regents were more interested in fighting each other for power than conquest. 

From the second young Alexander reached his majority and threw off his regents, he determined to finish what his father had begun. Once more, he opened negotiations to purchase the Western Isles. The negotiations failed. It was in 1263 that the King of Norway, King Haakon, gathered a vast fleet of more than a hundred ships supposedly to defend the Hebrides, even though the Scots had not raised an army to attack those islands.

Rather than remain to ‘defend’ the Hebrides, King Haakon sailed his fleet hundreds of miles south to the Firth of Clyde. There they retook the Isle of Bute and ravaged parts of the Scottish coast. At that point, we come to what I mentioned might be considered the last battle of the ‘Viking Age’, the Battle of Largs.

The saga of that battle when, for the last time, the Scots fought, but this time drove off an invading Norse army is an amazing one involving a storm so severe there were accusations of witchcraft, wrecked ships, a fierce, bloody fight, and the Norse sailing away. If, as some claim, the results of the battle were indecisive, the Norse retreat was very clear.

This time, it was the King of Norway who died in the Hebrides, where his fleet had taken shelter. His heir was more willing to negotiate, and only four years later, the Western Isles finally became part of the Kingdom of Scotland. 

JR Tomlin

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About the Author

J. R. Tomlin is the author of more than twenty historical novels, set for the most part in Scotland. Her love of that nation is traced from the stories of King Robert the Bruce and the Good Sir James her grandmother read to her when she was small to hillwalking through the Cairngorms where the granite hills have a gorgeous red glow under the setting sun. Later, her writing was influenced by the work of authors such as Alexander Dumas, Victor Hugo, and of course, Sir Walter Scott. When JR isn’t writing, she enjoys spending time hiking, playing with her Westie, and killing monsters in computer games. In addition to having lived in Scotland, she has traveled in the US, Europe and the Pacific Rim. She now lives in Oregon in the beautiful Pacific Northwest. Find out more at https://www.jrtomlin.com and follow JR Tomlin on Bluesky and Twitter @TomlinJeanne